2020年7月新闻热词汇总

7月，《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法》公布实施；因新冠肺炎疫情延期一个月的高考如期举行，安徽歙县有两个科目的考试因为强降雨延后举行；全国多地强降雨，引发洪涝灾害；中超联赛开赛；我国火星探测器“天问一号”发射升空；跨省团队游恢复，各地影院相继恢复营业。

 

中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法 The Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) was passed unanimously at the 20th session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature.
十三届全国人大常委会第二十次会议全票通过了《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法》。

President Xi Jinping signed a presidential order to promulgate the law, which goes into effect on the date of promulgation.
国家主席习近平签署主席令予以公布，并自公布之日起施行。

《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法》共6章、66条，明确规定了香港特别行政区维护国家安全的职责和机构（the duties and government bodies of the HKSAR for safeguarding national security），分裂国家罪（secession）、颠覆国家政权罪（subversion）、恐怖活动罪（terrorist activities）、勾结外国或者境外势力危害国家安全罪（collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security）四类罪行和处罚。

According to the law, the central government will set up an office in the HKSAR for safeguarding national security.
根据该法，中央人民政府将在香港特别行政区设立维护国家安全机构。

The HKSAR will establish a committee for safeguarding national security, which is under the supervision of and accountable to the central government. To be chaired by the HKSAR chief executive, the committee shall have a national security adviser designated by the central government. The Hong Kong police force will also set up a department for safeguarding national security, according to the law.
香港特别行政区设立维护国家安全委员会，接受中央人民政府的监督和问责。香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会由行政长官担任主席，委员会设立国家安全事务顾问，由中央人民政府指派。香港特别行政区政府警务处设立维护国家安全的部门。

According to the law, people convicted of the national security crimes could face up to life imprisonment.
该法规定，被判决犯危害国家安全罪行的人员面临的最高刑罚为无期徒刑。

Convicted criminals will be disqualified from running for public office, and people in public office who are found guilty of the crimes will be removed from their posts.
任何人经法院判决犯危害国家安全罪行的，即丧失作为候选人参加香港特别行政区任何公职的资格，在任公职人员丧失任职资格。

The law shall apply to acts committed after its entry into force for the purpose of conviction and imposition of punishment, according to its provision.
本法施行以后的行为，适用本法定罪处刑。

全国人大常委会委员长栗战书表示：

It is in line with national laws that maintain national interests and is compatible with Hong Kong's existing legal system. It also sticks to the principle that only a very few offenders will be targeted and the majority of Hong Kong people will be protected, Li said.
该法与维护国家安全的全国性法律相衔接，与香港现有法律体系相兼容，体现了“惩治极少数、保护大多数”的原则。

 

It provides legal support to safeguard national security and Hong Kong's long-term stability and prosperity, protects foreign investors' interests in Hong Kong as well as the rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong residents, and guarantees the smooth and steady progress of "one country, two systems".
该法为维护国家安全和香港长治久安、长期繁荣发展，为确保香港居民依法享有的权利和自由，为保护外国人在香港的合法权益和外国投资者的利益，为确保“一国两制”事业行稳致远，提供了法律支撑和保障。

 

国务院港澳办发表声明：坚决拥护和支持实施香港国安法

The Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council said in its statement that for a tiny number of people endangering national security, the law will be a "sharp sword" hanging over their heads.But for the vast majority of Hong Kong residents including foreigners in Hong Kong, the law will be a "guardian" that protects their rights, freedoms and peaceful life, said the office.It will enable Hong Kong to have a more complete legal system, a more stable social order, better rule of law and an improved business environment.
国务院港澳办在声明中表示，对于那些危害国家安全的极少数人来说，这部法律是高悬的利剑。对于绝大多数香港居民包括在港外国人来说，这部法律是保障其权利自由和安宁生活的“守护神”。这一法律将使香港拥有更加完备的法律体系、更加稳定的社会秩序、更加良好的法治和营商环境。

香港中联办发表声明：坚决拥护香港国安法 全力支持特区政府和中央驻港国安机构做好法律实施工作

The office said in a statement that the NPC Standing Committee conducted the legislative work in a highly responsible, scientific and democratic manner by taking into account opinions from a wide range of Hong Kong society.
声明指出，全国人大常委会以高度负责的态度进行有关立法工作，并广泛听取香港特区各界代表人士的意见建议，立法程序周密规范、科学民主。

 

The law effectively closes Hong Kong's legal gaps and demonstrates a high degree of unity between one country and two systems, central governance and local autonomy, as well as national interests and human rights.
香港国安法堵住了香港维护国家安全的法律和制度漏洞，很好地体现了“一国”和“两制”的统一、中央对港全面管治权和特区高度自治权的统一、维护国家主权安全发展利益和保障香港市民合法权益的统一。

 

The office also pointed out that the central government has carefully evaluated any situation that might occur during the implementation of the national security law. No one should underestimate the central government's determination and ability to strictly enforce the law.
声明特别指出，中央对香港国安法实施过程中可能遇到的情况已经作了认真评估和充分准备，任何人都不要低估中央维护香港国家安全的决心，不要低估中央和特区有关机构严正执法的能力。

 

外交部发言人就全国人大常委会审议通过香港国安法发表谈话

After the Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) was adopted at the 20th session of the 13th NPC Standing Committee, the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council and the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the HKSAR have both issued statements.
国务院港澳办和香港中联办已分别就十三届全国人大常委会第二十次会议通过《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法》发表声明。

 

The NPC Standing Committee formulated this law and listed it in Annex III to the HKSAR Basic Law to be gazetted and enacted in Hong Kong by the SAR government. This is a fundamental solution for Hong Kong to restore order, end chaos and resume stability. It is a landmark in the practice of "one country, two systems" and a strong institutional guarantee for upholding national sovereignty, security and development interests, safeguarding lasting security, prosperity and stability in Hong Kong, and ensuring the steady implementation of "one country, two systems". It reflects the shared will of all Chinese people including Hong Kong compatriots.
全国人大常委会制定香港国安法，并将该法列入香港基本法附件三，由香港特区在当地公布实施，这是香港恢复秩序、由乱及治的治本之策，是“一国两制”实践具有里程碑意义的大事，为维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，保障香港长治久安和长期繁荣稳定，确保“一国两制”实践行稳致远提供强大制度保障，充分反映了包括香港同胞在内的全体中国人民的共同意志。

 

This legislation takes into full consideration the realistic needs of safeguarding national security and the specific conditions of the HKSAR and sets out systemic and comprehensive provisions regarding a legal system and enforcement mechanisms at both national and SAR levels. This upholds the constitutional order in the HKSAR established by the Constitution and the Basic Law and demonstrates the inherent requirements of "one country, two systems". The law applies to four categories of criminal behaviors that gravely undermine national security. It will only target very few criminals but protect the vast majority of Hong Kong people. Its implementation will strengthen Hong Kong's legal framework, ensure social order, improve business environment, and benefit Hong Kong citizens and international investors. We have every confidence in the bright prospects of Hong Kong.
香港国安法充分考虑维护国家安全的现实需要和香港特区的具体情况，从中央和香港特区两个层面就法律制度和执行机制作出系统全面的规定，维护了宪法和基本法确立的香港特区的宪制秩序，彰显了“一国两制”的内在要求。法律规管的是严重危害国家安全的四种犯罪行为，惩治的是极少数，保护的是绝大多数。法律实施后，香港的法律体系将更加完备，社会秩序将更加稳定，营商环境将更加良好，广大香港市民和国际投资者都将从中受益，我们对香港的光明未来充满信心。

 

Hong Kong is one of China's special administrative regions and its affairs are China's internal affairs. The Chinese government is firmly determined to implement "one country, two systems" and oppose foreign interference in Hong Kong affairs. Nobody and nothing could shake the Chinese government and people's resolution and will to safeguard national sovereignty and security and uphold Hong Kong's prosperity and stability. Any attempt seeking to undermine China's sovereignty, security and development interests is doomed to fail.
香港是中国的特别行政区，香港事务属于中国内政。中国政府坚持贯彻“一国两制”方针的决心坚定不移，反对外部势力干预香港事务的决心坚定不移。任何势力、任何情况都动摇不了中国政府和中国人民维护国家主权安全、维护香港繁荣稳定的决心和意志，任何妄想利用香港危害中国主权、安全、发展利益的图谋都绝不会得逞。

 

香港特区行政长官林郑月娥欢迎全国人大常委会通过香港国安法

"I am confident that after implementation of the National Security Law, the social unrest which has troubled Hong Kong people for nearly a year will be eased and stability will be restored, thereby enabling Hong Kong to start anew, focus on economic development and improve people's livelihoods," she said.
林郑月娥指出，有信心实施香港国安法后，困扰市民近一年的社会动荡可以减退，局面稳定下来，香港可以重新出发，聚焦发展经济、改善民生。

 

2020中超联赛 The 2020 Chinese Super League (CSL)

The 2020 Chinese Super League (CSL) season was originally scheduled to begin on Feb 22 until the COVID-19 pandemic forced its postponement. The Chinese Football Association (CFA) announced on Wednesday that the CSL will kick off on July 25.
2020中超联赛原定于2月22日启动，但受新冠肺炎疫情影响被迫按下暂停键。中国足协7月1日宣布，2020中超联赛将于7月25日开赛。

【单词讲解】

这里的league指体育比赛中的“联赛”，一般指足球等集体比赛项目不同队伍之间相互比赛，并最终决出胜负的一系列比赛，比如，国内的中超联赛（Chinese Super League）、英国的英超联赛（Premier League）、美国职棒大联盟（Major League Baseball，简称MLB）等。另一个常用来表示“比赛”的词是tournament，我们多翻译为“锦标赛”，这个词与league最大的不同在于，参加tournament的既可以是团队项目，也可以是个人项目，比如： tennis/chess/golf tournament等。

中国足协表示：

As the COVID-19 epidemic is gradually under control across the nation, and to meet the expectation of people, the Chinese Football Association has decided to start the 2020 Chinese Super League season on July 25 in Suzhou and Dalian.
全国疫情防控形势继续向好。为满足广大人民群众对恢复中国足球协会超级联赛的热切期盼，中国足球协会经研究决定，2020中超联赛将于7月25日分别在苏州赛区和大连赛区举行。

The CFA will try its best to make comprehensive preparations. And we will strictly follow the epidemic prevention regulations to ensure matches are well organized and well managed. We will guarantee the safety and quality of this CSL season.
中国足球协会将全力做好赛事的各项服务保障工作，严格遵守国家防疫工作的各项要求，认真做好赛事的各项组织管理工作，确保中超联赛安全有序进行。

据了解，比赛拟采用“分组（分区）、分阶段”赛制，其中首阶段小组赛双循环（round robin format）14轮比赛将以空场赛会制方式进行,预计将在9月下旬完赛。目前中超第二阶段比赛赛制尚未确定，须综合疫情发展等情况而定（depending on the epidemic situation）。如果不受疫情影响，整个联赛预计将持续到今年12月下旬。

 

冒名顶替 identity theft

Any students who cheat or are involved in identity theft in the national college entrance exam, or gaokao, will be disqualified from enrolling in universities and colleges, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部表示，在高考中舞弊或冒名顶替的学生将取消其高校入学资格。

Universities should conduct identity checks of high school graduates to find any students who have stolen others' identities or gained extra gaokao points through illegal means, it said.
教育部要求高校认真开展新生身份核查，以及时发现冒名顶替以及违规获得加分资格等行为。

【单词讲解】

这里的identity theft字面意思为“身份窃取”，其实就是新闻报道中说的“冒名顶替”，其动词形式为steal one's identity，而“冒名顶替者”就是imposter。因此，“冒名顶替”这种行为也可以用imposture来表示。比如： He was accused of imposture.（他被指冒名顶替。）

Cheat这个词在英语里很常用，可以作为动词和名词使用，有“欺骗、骗子、出轨”等意思，不同的搭配会表达不同的意思，我们在使用的时候要非常注意。比如，cheat on someone表达的是“背着(配偶、性伴侣)乱搞;对(配偶、性伴侣)不忠”的意思，也就是我们常说的“出轨”，如果你想说“她骗了我”可以直接用she cheated me或者she fooled me来表示，而千万不能说she cheated on me。另外，我们也可以直接说someone is a cheat，来表示“某人是个骗子”。

 

The ministry said in a notice issued on Thursday that it will work with public security and disciplinary authorities to look into any fraud in the exam and hold those guilty of violations and any people who assist them accountable.
教育部在7月2日发布的通告中表示，将配合公安、纪检监察等部门一查到底，依法依纪追究有关人员的责任。

同时，教育部会同国家卫生健康委指导各地结合实际，制定高考组考防疫工作方案和实施办法，并狠抓落实。

Candidates and the test site staff will have their body temperatures and health conditions monitored regularly starting from 14 days ahead of the exam, the ministry said in a statement.
各地已提前14天对考生和考务人员进行日常体温测量和身体健康状况监测。

Exam-sitters will have their body temperatures measured and are allowed into test sites only when their body temperatures are below 37.3 degrees Celsius.
高考时，所有进入考点人员都要进行体温测量，37.3℃以下方可进入考点。

There will be at least three isolated test rooms at each test site, available for candidates who exhibit symptoms of fever and cough during the exam, according to the statement.
每考点不得少于3个备用隔离考场，考中出现发热、咳嗽考生，将按照既定程序转移至备用隔离考场应考。

 

气象灾害预警信息 early warning messages for meteorological disasters

In June, meteorological administrations issued over 43,000 early warning messages. The number of messages for rainstorms and thunder each increased by about 43 percent compared with the average of the total issued for the same month in the past three years, according to the China Meteorological Administration.
据中国气象局统计，6月，全国气象部门累计发布各类气象灾害预警信息4.3万多条。其中，暴雨、雷电的预警信息发布数量均比过去三年同期增加了43%左右。

The Ministry of Emergency Management said that, as of Friday, over 19.3 million people in 26 provincial regions had suffered from floods. A total of 121 people were missing or dead and the direct economic losses from the flood disasters reached over 41.6 billion yuan.
据应急管理部介绍，截至7月3日，今年以来洪涝灾害先后造成26省(区、市)1930多万人次受灾，121人死亡失踪，直接经济损失超过416亿元。

【知识点】

从气象上来说，24小时降水量（precipitation）为50毫米或以上的雨称为“暴雨”（rainstorm/ downpour/ torrential rain）。特大暴雨是一种灾害性天气（disastrous weather），往往造成“洪涝灾害”（flood），在山区还会引发“山体滑坡”（landslide）和“泥石流”（debris flow）。Landslide（山体滑坡）是暴雨使山体不堪重负，由山体薄弱地带断开整体下滑，而debris flow（泥石流）是暴雨使沙土石达到水饱和，在重力的作用下液化的泥沙石向低洼处流动。

 

中央气象台再发暴雨黄色预警（yellow alert for rainstorms）

From Monday to Tuesday morning, heavy rain and rainstorms are expected in parts of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan,Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Heilongjiang, the National Meteorological Center said.
中央气象台预计，7月6日08时至7日08时，上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、重庆、贵州、云南以及黑龙江等地部分地区有大到暴雨。

Some of these regions will see up to 80 mm of hourly precipitation, accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds, the center said.
上述部分地区最大小时降雨量可达到80毫米，局地有雷暴大风等强对流天气。

 

水利部将水旱灾害防御应急响应提升至Ⅲ级

It said coordinated operation of reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze will be carried out to reduce the amount of water flowing into the Three Gorges Dam, which saw the arrival on Thursday of the first flood in the country's longest watercourse this year, and relieve flood control pressure in the middle and lower reaches of the river.
水利部表示，要加强长江上游水库群的联合调度，减少三峡入库水量，减轻中下游河道防洪压力。7月2日，长江2020年第1号洪水抵达三峡大坝。

Among areas to be covered by the rain band, some places in Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces and the Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions are forecast to see their precipitation increase by 30 to 50 percent compared with previous years.
受雨带影响的地区中，山西、河北、山东、黑龙江、内蒙古、新疆等地的部分地区降雨较常年同期可能偏多3-5成。

The coming rain may result in major regional floods in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, southern parts of the Haihe River, the Songhuajiang and Liaohe rivers. The rain, together with melted snow, may also cause flooding in some areas in Xinjiang, the ministry said.
受其影响，黄河中游、海河南系、松花江、辽河等河流可能发生区域性较大洪水，新疆部分地区可能发生降雨融雪混合型洪水。

新职业 new professions

The new professions, mostly in the public health sector and emerging industries, include blockchain technicians, online marketers, information security testers, online learning consultants and community health assistants, among others, according to a statement jointly issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments.
人社部与其他几个部门联合发布的通告显示，新发布的职业主要涉及公共卫生领域和新兴产业，包括“区块链工程技术人员”、“互联网营销师”、“信息安全测试员”、“在线学习服务师”以及“社群健康助理员”等。

除了发布新增职业外，此次还发布了一些职业发展出的新工种。

Five new types of work, such as livestreaming salesperson, have also been released, while three types of work related to public health services have been upgraded into professions.
此次还发布了“直播销售员”等五个新工种，同时，与公共卫生服务相关的三个工种上升成为新职业。

【知识点】

我们看到表示职业的时候，经常会用occupation和profession这两个词，在很多情况下，这两个词可以互相替换使用，但在具体的含义上还是稍有区别。简单来说，occupation可以指所有的“职业”，而profession多指需要专业知识或技术的职业，比如：医生、律师等，所以，我们经常会用professional这个名词来表示“专业人士”。

职业（profession/occupation）是具有一定特征的社会工作类别，它是一种或一组特定工作的统称。工种（type of work）是根据劳动管理的需要，按照生产劳动的性质、工艺技术的特征、或者服务活动的特点而划分的工作种类。岗位（position/post）是企业根据生产的实际需要而设置的工作位置。一般来说，一个职业包括一个或几个工种，一个工种又包括几个岗位。

此批新职业除了主要涉及预防和处置突发公共卫生事件（public health emergency response）领域，还适应高校毕业生就业创业需要的新业态领域以及适应贫困劳动力和农村转移就业劳动者等需要的促进脱贫攻坚领域（poverty reduction sectors where poor laborers and rural migrant workers are employed）。

据了解，这是自2015年版《中华人民共和国职业分类大典（Occupational Classification System of the People’s Republic of China）》颁布以来发布的第三批新职业。

 

高考延期 delayed gaokao

The government of Shexian county in Anhui province said on Tuesday that the downpour, which began before dawn, was the heaviest in 50 years. The county was forced to delay the first day's two exams－for Chinese language and mathematics－as most local students failed to reach the two examination sites on time because of flooding.
安徽省歙县县政府表示，7月7日天没亮就开始下雨，是50年一遇的强降雨。受降雨引发的洪水影响，该县2个高考考点大部分考生均未进入考点，该考区原定当日举行的语文、数学科目考试延期举行。

 

The county has 2,207 students aiming to take this year's gaokao, but only around 500 had arrived at the examination sites by 10 am, according to Wang Tianping, head of the county's education bureau.
歙县教育局局长汪天平介绍，今年歙县参加高考的学生有2207名，7日上午10点仅有约500名考生到达考点。

The two delayed exams are scheduled to take place on Thursday using alternate set of exam papers, exams on other subjects will be held as scheduled on Wednesday,the authorities said.
当地政府表示，7月8日的考试正常进行，延期的两科考试将于7月9日进行，启用备用试卷。

进入汛期以来，我国多地迎来连续强降雨，中央气象台发布暴雨橙色预警。

The National Meteorological Center on Tuesday issued an orange alert for rainstorms, as heavy downpours are forecast to hit vast stretches of the country.
中央气象台7月7日发布暴雨橙色预警，我国大部分地区将迎来大到暴雨。

【知识点】

气象部门发布的暴雨预警一共有四个级别，由低到高分别是：蓝色、黄色、橙色和红色。

蓝色预警（blue alert）

标准：12小时内降雨量将达50毫米以上，或者已达50毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

 

黄色预警（yellow alert）

标准：6小时内降雨量将达50毫米以上，或者已达50毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

 

橙色预警（orange alert）

标准：3小时内降雨量将达50毫米以上，或者已达50毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

 

红色预警（red alert）

标准：3小时内降雨量将达100毫米以上，或者已达到100毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

From Tuesday night to Wednesday night, heavy rain and rainstorms are expected in Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, among other regions, the National Meteorological Center said, warning that some areas of Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui will experience downpours with up to 280 mm of daily rainfall.
预计7月7日20时至8日20时，湖北、安徽、湖南、江西、浙江等地的部分地区有大暴雨，其中，湖北、江西、安徽等地局地将经历日降水量达280毫米的特大暴雨。

The center advised local authorities to remain alert for possible flooding, landslides and mudslides, and recommended halting outdoor operations in hazardous areas.
中央气象台建议当地政府部门注意防范可能引发的山洪、滑坡、泥石流等灾害，暂停危险地带户外作业。

近年来，我国在促进教育公平、完善高等教育招生选拔方式等方面都推出了不少改革举措。我们简要回顾一下。

2018年，取消特长生加分

The Ministry of Education decided to stop giving bonus points to students who have exceptional sports ability, who have won academic Olympiads or science and technology competitions, who are named "provincial-level excellent students" or those who have performed "righteous and courageous deeds" in 2018.
2018年，教育部宣布全面取消体育特长生、中学生学科奥林匹克竞赛、科技类竞赛、省级优秀学生、思想政治品德有突出事迹等全国性高考加分项目。

2019年，多地启动高考改革 取消文理分科

Eight provincial-level regions joined in gaokao reform in 2019. The change will cover students who entered high schools in fall 2018 or later in Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing.
2019年，8个省级地区参加了高考改革。这项改革将覆盖河北、辽宁、江苏、福建、湖北、湖南、广东和重庆等地2018年秋季或以后入学的高中学生。

The reform allows the students to have more choices — up to 12 combinations of subjects instead of the current two choices between arts and science. Their performances during high school academic tests will also serve as measurable indicators.
高考改革允许学生在考试时可以从多达12个学科科目中选择，而不是目前仅有的文科和理科两个选择。他们在高中学业考试中的表现也可以作为衡量指标。

2020年，冒名顶替者取消入学资格

Any students who cheat or are involved in identity theft in the national college entrance exam, or gaokao, will be disqualified from enrolling in universities and colleges, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部表示，在高考中舞弊或冒名顶替的学生将取消其高校入学资格。