编者按：本报去年4月连载了资深评论员萧平“一国两制”系列漫谈，计16篇，获良好社会反响。中华书局遂于去年5月将该系列文章结集出版，书名《回归“一国两制”的初心》，再获好评，迄今已连印6次。今该书即将再版，作者就制定香港国安法和完善特区选举制度补充了4篇文章。本报先行刊出，以飨读者。
为什么打出国安立法和完善选举制度的“组合拳”？
HK needs a 'winning combo' of NSL, improved electoral system
2020年5月全国人大做出建立健全香港特区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定，据此，人大常委会制定了香港国安法。2021年3月全国人大做出完善香港特区选举制度的决定，据此，人大常委会修改了基本法附件一和附件二，特区修改了本地有关法律。这是一对“组合拳”，对症下药，立竿见影。
The National People’s Congress adopted, in May 2020, a decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to safeguard national security. In accordance with the NPC decision, its Standing Committee proceeded to promulgate the National Security Law for Hong Kong, which took effect on June 30, 2020. In March 2021, the NPC passed another decision on improving the electoral system of the HKSAR and authorized its Standing Committee to amend Annex I and Annex II to the Basic Law, so that the HKSAR could implement the electoral reform through local legislation. The two statutory milestones have been so effective that they are now widely hailed in Hong Kong as well as around the world as a “winning combo”.
香港回归后出现的问题，归结起来是两个。一是“稳不住”，反中乱港势力内外勾结，社会动荡，“港独”猖獗，严重威胁国家安全和特区稳定。二是“管不好”，深陷“泛政治化”泥潭，立法会“拉布”不止，政府失去管治效能。这两大问题在“修例风波”中登峰造极，如不尽快解决，最终会拖垮香港，葬送“一国两制”。鉴于特区政府缺乏足够的政治能量，解决这两大问题只能由中央出手。全国人大是国家最高权力机关，回归前就香港问题做过8次决定，回归后20多年只做了这两次决定，足见分量之重。
The main challenges facing the HKSAR since its establishment in July 1997 can be summed up by two problems. One was its inability to maintain stability due to constant sabotage by local anti-China subversive forces colluding with hostile external forces, which posed grave threats to national security of the country as well as Hong Kong’s stability. The other was the HKSAR government’s inability to administer the region effectively, mainly because of dogged obstruction by local opposition parties who indiscriminately politicized all major issues and relentlessly filibustered in the Legislative Council. Those problems caused the ultimate damage to Hong Kong during the “black revolution” (June 2019-June 2020), when the black-clad rioters pushed the city to the brink of total chaos if not destruction, leaving the practice of “one country, two systems” all but a complete failure. Since the HKSAR government did not have the political prowess to head off those problems immediately, the central authorities had to take matters into their hands according to the nation’s Constitution and the Basic Law of the HKSAR. Before Hong Kong’s return to the motherland, the NPC adopted eight decisions regarding the question of Hong Kong, but only two in the 24 years since its return. That alone says a lot about the political impact of the “winning combo”.
一如所料，香港国安法有效止暴制乱，社会迅速恢复秩序与安宁；修改后的选举制度堵住了反中乱港分子染指特区管治的路径，政府施政趋于顺畅。
As expected, the National Security Law for Hong Kong ended violent riots in the city immediately, allowing it to restore peace and order; while the improved electoral system has effectively prevented the anti-China subversive forces from infiltrating the governance structure of the HKSAR as they did through the old, flawed electoral system. As a result, the HKSAR government has been able to do its job much more smoothly and effectively.
组合拳是“一国两制”初心的坚守。邓小平提出“一国两制”是有前提的，最根本的就是国家的统一和国家主体的制度不能变，否则“香港的繁荣稳定也会吹的”。还有一个是爱国者治港，否则“港人治港”就会变质。
The “winning combo” is a mechanism to uphold the original intent of “one country, two systems”. When Deng Xiaoping put forward the monumental system arrangement, for Hong Kong after its return to the motherland, he also spelled out some preconditions, the most important of which was that the territorial integrity and the social system of the main body of the country must not change, because “that would end Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability as well.” Another crucial precondition was “patriots administering Hong Kong”, because otherwise “the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong” principle would lose its soul.
组合拳也是“一国两制”制度体系的完善。基本法有两处“留白”。一处是第23条，规定特区应自行立法禁止危害国家安全的七种行为。另一处是选举办法，规定根据实际情况和循序渐进原则，凝聚共识，最终达致普选。可惜，23条搁置23年未能立法，选举办法不完善令反中乱港势力抢夺特区管治权有机可乘。
The “winning combo” is also an improvement to the mechanism of implementing “one country, two systems” in Hong Kong. The Basic Law leaves two “assignments” for the HKSAR to fulfill. One is Article 23, which requires Hong Kong to complete national security legislation outlawing seven types of acts that endanger national security within Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. The other is the optimization of the local electoral system, through seeking common ground among the public, for achieving universal suffrage ultimately in Hong Kong in accordance with the actual situation and in a gradual manner. Unfortunately, Article 23 had yet to be fulfilled 24 years after Hong Kong’s return; and the old, flawed electoral system afforded anti-China subversive forces the chance to seize the governing power of the HKSAR.
制定香港国安法和完善特区选举制度，重建了“一国”之下特区的政治伦理，完成了对基本法的重要补充，让香港既要稳得住，又要管得好，为解决其他深层次问题创造条件，确保“一国两制”行稳致远。
The promulgation of the National Security Law for Hong Kong and the improvement of its electoral system have restored the HKSAR’s constitutional order under “one country” and complemented the Basic Law in a significant way. That is why the “winning combo” has helped the HKSAR maintain stability and better governance, paving the way for efforts to resolve various deep-rooted structural problems as well as ensuring the smooth and faithful implementation of “one country, two systems” in Hong Kong.
组合拳还凸显了依法治港。中央一再强调，要“完善特别行政区同宪法和基本法实施相关的制度和机制”。建立健全法律制度和确保其落实的执行机制，是完善特区治理的根本途径。从制度和机制上解决问题，比其他方式更为有效。
The “winning combo” highlights governance according to the law in Hong Kong. The central government has emphasized repeatedly the need to improve the system and mechanisms of implementing “one country, two systems” according to the Basic Law as well as the Constitution. The construction and continuous improvement of laws and their enforcement mechanisms are fundamental means to consistently improve the governance of the HKSAR. It is more effective to tackle problems through the designated system and its related enforcement mechanisms than through any other means.
香港一直存在两个认识误区。一个是国家观的误区，摆不正“一国”与“两制”的关系，甚至置国家利益与安全于不顾。另一个是民主观的误区，盲目崇拜西方民主，不考虑香港的宪制地位给民主发展框定的边界。中央打出组合拳，明确香港维护国家安全的责任，构建符合香港实际的民主制度，也有助于香港社会在认识上拨乱反正。
Hong Kong society has long been confused by two myths: One has crippled national awareness by upsetting the relationship between “one country” and “two systems”, in some cases to total disregard of the nation’s sovereignty, national security and development interest; while the other has turned the concept of democracy on its head by advocating Western-style representative democracy with religious-like ardent zest without considering Hong Kong’s constitutional order which sets boundaries for its democratic development. With the “winning combo”, the central authorities have spelled out Hong Kong’s constitutional obligation to safeguard national security, defined the framework for a democratic system consistent with Hong Kong’s reality and helped break Hong Kong society out of the myths.
（萧平）
