前两天,你的朋友圈被这些画刷屏了吗?
这是腾讯公益平台中一个名为“用艺术点亮生命”的慈善项目。用户可以在“小朋友画廊”H5页面欣赏并购买25位“小朋友”的画作。
Altogether, 36 works of art were available from artists 11 to 37 years old, and buyers could save a digital copy.
页面中总共有36副画作,作者年龄在11到37岁之间,购买者可以将电子画保存在手机里。
The works were painted by autistic people and sold via Tencent's charitable platform. Money collected will be donated to a project called "Enlighten life with art", which aims to eliminate social prejudice and help people with disabilities such as autism, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome.
这些画均由自闭症患者绘制,并通过腾讯公益平台出售。所得钱款将捐赠给“用艺术点亮生命”项目,该项目旨在消除社会偏见,帮助有自闭症、脑瘫以及唐氏综合征等精神障碍的患者。用户购买画作后,可以通过H5给这群特殊的“小朋友”文字留言鼓励和支持他们,还能听到作者的录音。
Many WeChat users shared their newly bought paintings on their personal pages. Some even changed their phone's wallpaper.
许多微信用户在朋友圈分享他们新买的画。有人甚至把它们设为手机壁纸。
腾讯公益称,用户每购买一副画,就相当于向“用艺术点亮生命”公益项目进行捐赠。该项目自8月17日发起以来,已筹得善款超过1500万元。
Donations since the project began totaled more than 15 million yuan. About 5.8 million people participated.
该项目自发起以来获得的捐款已经超过1500万元,约有580万人参与其中。
By noon on Tuesday, 2 million people had participated and donated 8.4 million yuan. The donation page was closed at 4 pm after the target of 15 million yuan was reached.
截至29日中午前,有两百万人参与活动,捐款达840万元。在实现1500万元的筹款目标后,捐款页面于当日下午4点关闭。这项公益活动引发了巨大的社会反响,用一种颇具创意的方式唤醒了普通人对自闭症患者的关注。
据2015年发布的《中国自闭症教育康复行业发展状况报告》显示,自上世纪以来,自闭症在中国经历了由罕见病到流行病的转变;中国自闭症患病率和世界其他国家相似,约为1%,自闭症患者已超1000万,0到14岁的儿童患者达200余万。
自闭症患者被称为“星星的孩子”,因为就像天上的星星一样,他们始终活在自己的世界里,独自闪烁。他们有视力却不愿与人对视,有语言能力却很难沟通交流,因为无法与外界接触而普遍缺乏社会的理解和关爱。
虽然自闭症人群日益增加,但公众对于这个群体可谓知之甚少。今天,我们就为大家科普一下自闭症。
自闭症就是害羞、不爱说话吗?
自闭症,全名自闭症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder),涵盖自闭症和阿斯伯格综合征,是一组复杂的脑发育障碍,体现为社交沟通互动能力缺失,以及有限、重复的兴趣和活动。
Autism Spectrum Disorder affects how people communicate with and relate to others. This isn't the same as being shy or not knowing what to say.
自闭症谱系障碍会影响患者与他人的沟通相处。这和害羞以及不会聊天无关。
Most people with autism don't understand some of the basic social conventions that others take for granted.
普通人会想当然地接受基本的社会社交习俗,但是大多数自闭症患者却无法理解。
They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures.
他们可能无法进行眼神交流、与他人对话或理解社交手势的意义。
Over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don't use speech.
1/3的自闭症患者不用语言沟通,也就是说,他们不说话。
Along with communication issues, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or repeated behaviors.
除了交流障碍之外,自闭症患者还喜欢遵循某种特定的模式或重复的行为。
Many have a sensitivity to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects.
许多患者对强光或噪音敏感,或有其他生理问题,比如行动或捡东西时不方便。
自闭症能治愈吗?
由于自闭症的病症有很多种,没有哪两个自闭症患者的情况是相同的,所以过去他们经常被诊断为其他病,比如:阿斯伯格综合征。
这种病的患者会对某个话题尤为着迷,不懂社交动作的暗示,或者不理解什么是适当的社交行为。
In 2013, the scientists realized that the boundary between Asperger Syndrome and some of the other disorders was fuzzy, so they decided to put them all under one name.
2013年,科学家们发现阿斯伯格综合征和其他某些精神障碍区分起来很困难,所以决定将他们归为一类疾病。
由此一来,确认自闭症就更加容易了,这种归类意义深远,因为越早确诊,患者就能越早得到帮助。
In fact, many children who have autism will show signs by two years old, including not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact and flapping their hands or rocking repeatedly.
事实上,很多自闭症患儿在两岁时就会显露出自闭倾向,比如对自己的名字没有反应、避免眼神接触以及甩手或不停摇摆。
自闭症诊断年龄平均在5-7岁之间。尽管自闭症无法完全治愈,但心理咨询和药物治疗可以帮助患者进行调节,科学家们也在通过临床试验寻找其他疗法。
为什么会得自闭症?
目前,科学家们还不清楚自闭症真正的致病原因。
Autism is over four times more common in boys than girls, and most scientists think genes play a role because it often runs in families.
自闭症在男孩中的发病率是女孩的4倍,大多数科学家认为自闭症与基因有关,因为这种疾病通常是家族性的。
Some people with ASD have abnormal chromosomes but this can't be the whole story. There are people with the same gene changes who don't have autism.
一些自闭症患者拥有非正常染色体,但我们不能就此一概而论。因为有些拥有同样非正常染色体的人却没有自闭症。
Other possible causes include having older parents, being exposed to high levels of testosterone in the womb, and having complications during pregnancy or birth.
其他可能的病因包括,胎儿出生时父母年事过高,在子宫内接触的睾酮含量过高,或母亲在怀孕生产期间,胎儿出现并发症。
It may even have something to do with gut bacteria, since many autistic people have gastrointestinal issues.
自闭症甚至可能和肠道细菌有关,因为很多自闭症患者都有肠胃问题。
But mostly, it's a combination of many factors.
但自闭症主要还是由多项因素导致的。
不是每一个自闭症患者都是天才!自闭症题材的影视作品不在少数。电影《雨人》中,主角的哥哥就是一个拥有超强记忆力的自闭症患者,《心灵捕手》中沉默寡言的数学天才也患有自闭症……
这些荧幕形象似乎让大众觉得,自闭症患者往往在某些方面具有超人的才华,但事实真的是这样吗?
Some have intellectual disabilities, but above half have average or above average IQs.
一些自闭症患者存在智力问题,但一半以上的患者智商处于平均水平,或高于常人。
It's also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music or arts.
同样常见地,自闭症患者会对一些细节拥有强大的长期记忆,许多患者尤其擅长数学、科学、音乐或艺术。
但是,自闭症人群并不必然在某方面有过人的天赋,很多自闭症患者并没有特殊才能,甚至智商低于常人。这种精神疾病给他们的学业、工作、社交带来了巨大的负面影响,限制了他们参与社会及日常活动的能力。对于一些轻度自闭症患者来说,他们可以在早期干预的帮助下找到独立生活及工作的方法,但更多的自闭症患者则终身需要他人照料。
自闭症的确证率正在逐年提高,但这并不意味着这种病越来越普及。相反,这是因为越来越多的人认识到了自闭症的存在,并尽早得到了确诊。提高对自闭症的意识至关重要,因为患者越早被确诊,就能越早对症治疗。更重要的是,对待自闭症患者,我们要给予他们与普通人同等的尊重、公平与机会。这样才能帮助他们适应社会,健康成长。
(来源:中国日报双语新闻编辑部)